Buying Property in Russia: FAQ
Foreigners may buy apartments, houses and commercial premises in Russia, with limits on agricultural land and border areas. Ownership passes only after state registration with Rosreestr, so the key work is checking the seller and the title before money changes hands. Attorney Elena Petrova answers fifteen questions from overseas buyers.
Who Can Buy
Can a foreign citizen own an apartment?
Yes. Foreign citizens and companies have the same rights to residential property as Russians.
What land is closed to foreigners?
Agricultural land may be only leased. Plots in border territories and some other listed areas cannot be owned.
Are there extra rules for buyers from certain states?
Yes. Since 2022, deals involving persons from countries listed as unfriendly may need a government permit and special payment arrangements.
The Purchase Process
What are the main steps?
Checking the title, signing a preliminary agreement, paying a deposit, signing the main contract, submitting documents for registration and final settlement.
Do I need a notary?
Not always. Notarisation is mandatory, for example, when selling a share in a property or when minors own it.
Costs and Taxes
| Item | Who pays | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| State registration fee | Buyer | Fixed by the Tax Code |
| Notary fee | By agreement | Only when notarisation applies |
| Annual property tax | Owner | Based on cadastral value |
| Income tax on resale | Seller | Depends on holding period |
Russia has no separate transfer tax. A non-resident who later resells the property pays income tax at a higher rate than a resident, and the minimum holding period exemption may not apply.
Checking the Title
Which documents should be checked?
A fresh extract from the state register (EGRN), the ownership history and the seller's marital status. It also helps to search court records and the bankruptcy register for the seller's name.
Why does the seller's spouse matter?
Property bought during marriage is joint. Without the spouse's notarised consent, the deal may be challenged.
Risks and How to Limit Them
What if the seller goes bankrupt?
A manager in bankruptcy may challenge deals made within set periods before the case, especially at undervalue.
How should the money be paid?
Through a bank safe deposit box, a letter of credit or a notary's deposit, released to the seller only after registration. Paying in full before registration leaves the buyer with only a money claim if the deal fails.
What about new buildings from developers?
Buyers sign a shared construction agreement under the 214-FZ law, registered with Rosreestr. Payments go to an escrow account and reach the developer only after the building is completed.
Should the buyer check registered residents?
Yes. Some people, such as those who refused privatisation, keep the right to live in the flat after a sale. A certificate of registered residents shows who may still be entitled to stay.
Registration With Rosreestr
How long does registration take?
Seven working days in general, or nine when filed through a multifunctional centre.
What happens after registration?
The buyer receives an EGRN extract confirming ownership. No paper certificate is issued now.
Disputes After Purchase
Can a deal be cancelled later?
Yes, if it breached the law, was made without a required consent or hid defects. Limitation periods apply.
Where are disputes heard?
In the district court where the property is located, or in an arbitrazh court if both sides are businesses.
The main channel of communication with the attorney is email: attorneypetrova1@gmail.com.